Jogos a Dinheiro – Rede de Responsabilidade Social

Do Simulated Gambling Activities Predict Gambling with Real Money During Adolescence? Empirical Findings from a Longitudinal Study

Fevereiro 12, 2018 by in ESTUDOS E PUBLICAÇÕES, Jogo de Menores No Comments

Título: Do Simulated Gambling Activities Predict Gambling with Real Money During Adolescence? Empirical Findings from a Longitudinal Study
Autores: Tobias Hayer, Jens Kalke, Gerhard Meyer, Tim Brosowski
Ano: 2018

Abstract

As technology has developed, the international gambling market has changed markedly in recent years. The supply of internet-based gambling opportunities has become ever more significant. At the same time, the introduction of new gambling opportunities always brings a demand for evidence-based scientific evaluation, with regard to the associated risks of addiction. Simulated internet gambling, which is the focus of this study, represents a relatively new product group located at the interface between gambling and computer gaming. Concerns have been raised in scientific literature, especially with regard to the adolescent age group, as to whether participation in simulated internet gambling directly promotes recruitment to the world of monetary gambling, as defined in the gateway hypothesis. The research design was based on a standardized, representative longitudinal survey (over a 1-year period) with a total of 1178 school pupils from Northern Germany (M = 13.6 years; 47.5% male). It must be borne in mind that 12% of the adolescents belonged to the subgroup of “onset gamblers” and first reported experience with monetary gambling at the second stage of surveying. Logistic regression analysis demonstrates that this migration process is fostered by (1) participation from home in simulated gambling on social networks and (2) significant exposure to advertising (relating to both simulated and monetary gambling). Within the subgroup of simulated internet gamblers, variables such as particular patterns of use (including breadth and depth of involvement with simulated internet gambling, certain motives for participation, and microtransactions) do not serve as significant predictors. Despite this, important needs for action for the purposes of prevention and research can be identified.

References

  1. Abarbanel, B., Gainsbury, S. M., King, D., Hing, N., & Delfabbro, P. H. (2017). Gambling games on social platforms: How do advertisements for social casino games target young adults? Policy & Internet,9, 184–209.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  2. Ahern, K., & Le Brocque, R. (2005). Methodological issues in the effects of attrition: Simple solutions for social scientists. Field Methods,17, 53–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  3. Armstrong, T., Rockloff, M., Browne, M., & Li, E. (2018). An exploration how simulated gambling games may promote gambling with money. Journal of Gambling Studies.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-018-9742-6.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  4. Bednarz, J., Delfabbro, P., & King, D. (2013). Practice makes poorer: Practice gambling modes and their effects on real-play in simulated roulette. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction,11, 381–395.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. Clemens, F., Hanewinkel, R., & Morgenstern, M. (2017). Exposure to gambling advertisements and gambling behavior in young people. Journal of Gambling Studies,33,1–13.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  6. Delfabbro, P., King, D., & Griffiths, M. D. (2014). From adolescent to adult gambling: An analysis of longitudinal gambling patterns in South Australia. Journal of Gambling Studies,30, 547–563.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  7. Derevensky, J. L., & Gainsbury, S. M. (2016). Social casino gaming and adolescents: Should we be concerned and is regulation in sight? International Journal of Law and Psychiatry,44, 1–6.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  8. Derevensky, J. L., Gainsbury, S. M., Gupta, R., & Ellery, M. (2013). Play-for-fun/social-casino gambling: An examination of our current knowledge. Final report to the Manitoba Gambling Research Program Canada).Google Scholar
  9. Downs, C. (2010). Young people playing with risk: Social networking and the normalisation of gambling behaviours. In M. Stuart-Hoyle & J. Lovell (Eds.), Leisure experiences: Space, place and performance (pp. 25–47). Eastbourne: Leisure Studies Association.Google Scholar
  10. Dussault, F., Brunelle, N., Kairouz, S., Rousseau, M., Leclerc, D., Tremblay, J., et al. (2017). Transition from playing with simulated gambling games to gambling with real money: A longitudinal study in adolescence. International Gambling Studies,17, 386–400.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  11. Elton-Marshall, T., Leatherdale, S. T., & Turner, N. E. (2016). An examination of Internet and land-based gambling among adolescents in three Canadian provinces: Results from the youth gambling survey (YGS). BMC Public Health,16, 277.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  12. Frahn, T., Delfabbro, P., & King, D. L. (2015). Exposure to free-play modes in simulated online gaming increases risk-taking in monetary gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies,31, 1531–1543.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  13. Gainsbury, S. (2012). Internet gambling: Current research findings and implications. New York: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  14. Gainsbury, S., Hing, N., Delfabbro, P. H., Dewar, G., & King, D. L. (2014a). An exploratory study of interrelationships between social casino gaming, gambling, and problem gambling. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction,13, 136–153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  15. Gainsbury, S. M., Hing, N., Delfabbro, P. H., & King, D. L. (2014b). A taxonomy of gambling and casino games via social media and online technologies. International Gambling Studies,14, 196–213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  16. Gainsbury, S. M., King, D. L., Russell, A. M. T., & Delfabbro, P. (2016a). Who pays to play freemium games? The profiles and motivations of players who make purchases within social casino games. Journal of Behavioral Addictions,5, 221–230.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  17. Gainsbury, S. M., Russell, A., & Hing, N. (2014c). An investigation of social casino gaming among land-based and internet gamblers: A comparison of socio-demographic characteristics, gambling and co-morbidities. Computers in Human Behavior,33, 126–135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. Gainsbury, S. M., Russell, A., King, D. L., Delfabbro, P., & Hing, N. (2016b). Migration from social casino games to gambling: Motivations and characteristics of gamers who gamble. Computers in Human Behavior,63, 59–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  19. Gambling Commission (2017). Young people and gambling 2017: A research study among 11–16 year olds in Great Britain. Available at: http://live-gamblecom.cloud.contensis.com/PDF/survey-data/Young-People-and-Gambling-2017-Report.pdf.
  20. Gavriel Fried, B., Teichman, M., & Rahav, G. (2010). Adolescent gambling: Temperament, sense of coherence and exposure to advertising. Addiction Research & Theory,18, 586–598.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. Graham, J. W. (2009). Missing data analysis: Making it work in the real world. Annual Review of Psychology,60, 549–576.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  22. Gürtler, D., Rumpf, H.-J., Bischof, A., Kastirke, N., Meerkerk, G.-J., John, U., et al. (2014). Psychometrische Eigenschaften und Normierung der deutschen Version der Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS) [Psychometric properties and norm values of the German version of the Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS)]. Diagnostica,61, 210–221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  23. Hayer, T. (2012). Jugendliche und glücksspielbezogene Probleme: Risikobedingungen, Entwicklungmodelle und Implikationen für präventive Handlungsstrategien [Adolescents and gambling-related problems: Risk factors, developmental models, and implications for preventive actions]. Frankfurt/M.: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
  24. Hayer, T., & Brosowski, T. (2016). Simuliertes Glücksspiel im Internet: Anmerkungen zu möglichen (Sucht-)Gefahren aus psychologischer Sicht [Simulated gambling activities online: Remarks on potential risks from a psychological point of view]. Praxis Klinische Verhaltensmedizin und Rehabilitation,97, 4–12.Google Scholar
  25. Hayer, T., Meyer, G., & Petermann, F. (2016). FGP-J: Fragebogen zu glücksspielbezogenen Problemen im Jugendalter [FGP-J: Questionnaire on gambling-related problems in adolescence]. Göttingen: Hogrefe.Google Scholar
  26. Hayer, T., Rosenkranz, M., Meyer, G., & Brosowski, T. (2018, submitted for publication). Simuliertes Glücksspiel im Internet: Ergebnisse einer repräsentativen Befragung von Schülern und Schülerinnen zu Konsummustern und Risikobedingungen [Simulated gambling online: Results of a representative school-based survey with regard to consumption patterns and risk factors].Google Scholar
  27. Hollingshead, S. J., Kim, H. S., Wohl, M. J. A., & Derevensky, J. (2016). The social casino gaming-gambling link: Motivation for playing social casino games determines whether self-reported gambling increases or decreases among disordered gamblers. Journal of Gambling Issues,33, 52–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  28. Jacques, C., Fortin-Guichard, D., Bergeron, P. Y., Boudreault, C., Lévesque, D., & Giroux, I. (2016). Gambling content in Facebook games: A common phenomenon? Computers in Human Behavior,57, 48–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  29. Kim, H. S., Hollingshead, S., & Wohl, M. J. A. (2017a). Who spends money to play for free? Identifying who makes micro-transactions on social casino games (and why). Journal of Gambling Studies,33, 525–538.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  30. Kim, H. S., Wohl, M. J. A., Gupta, R., & Derevensky, J. L. (2016). From the mouths of social media users: A focus group study exploring the social casino gaming-online gambling link. Journal of Behavioral Addictions,5, 115–121.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  31. Kim, H. S., Wohl, M. J. A., Gupta, R., & Derevensky, J. L. (2017b). Why do young adults gamble online? A qualitative study of motivations to transition from social casino games to online gambling. Asian Journal of Gambling Issues and Public Health,7, 6.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  32. Kim, H. S., Wohl, M. J. A., Salmon, M. M., Gupta, R., & Derevensky, J. L. (2015). Do social casino gamers migrate to online gambling? An assessment of migration rate and potential predictors. Journal of Gambling Studies,31, 1819–1831.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  33. King, D. L., & Delfabbro, P. H. (2016a). Early exposure to digital simulated gambling: A review and conceptual model. Computers in Human Behavior,55, 198–206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  34. King, D. L., & Delfabbro, P. H. (2016b). Adolescents’ perceptions of parental influences on commercial and simulated gambling activities. International Gambling Studies,16, 424–441.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  35. King, D. L., Delfabbro, P. H., & Griffiths, M. D. (2010). The convergence of gambling and digital media: Implications for gambling in young people. Journal of Gambling Studies,26, 175–187.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  36. King, D. L., Delfabbro, P. H., Kaptsis, D., & Zwaans, T. (2014). Adolescent simulated gambling via digital and social media: An emerging problem. Computers in Human Behavior,31, 305–313.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  37. King, D. L., Russell, A., Gainsbury, S., Delfabbro, P. H., & Hing, N. (2016). The cost of virtual wins: An examination of gambling-related risks in youth who spend money on social casino games. Journal of Behavioral Addictions,5, 401–409.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  38. LaPlante, D. A., Nelson, S. E., & Gray, H. M. (2014). Breadth and depth involvement: Understanding Internet gambling involvement and its relationship to gambling problems. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors,28, 396–403.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  39. McBride, J., & Derevensky, J. (2009). Internet gambling behaviour in a sample of online gamblers. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction,7, 149–167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  40. McBride, J., & Derevensky, J. (2012). Internet gambling and risk-taking among students: An exploratory study. Journal of Behavioral Addictions,1, 50–58.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  41. Meyer, G., Brosowski, T., von Meduna, M., & Hayer, T. (2015). Simuliertes Glücksspiel: Analyse und Synthese empirischer Literaturbefunde zu Spielen in internetbasierten sozialen Netzwerken, in Form von Demoversionen sowie Computer- und Videospielen [Simulated gambling: Analysis and synthesis of empirical findings on games in internet-based social networks, in the form of demo versions, and computer and video games]. Zeitschrift für Gesundheitspsychologie,23, 153–168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  42. Nkansah-Amankra, S., & Minelli, M. (2016). “Gateway hypothesis” and early drug use: Additional findings from tracking a population-based sample of adolescents to adulthood. Preventive Medicine Reports,4, 134–141.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  43. Parke, J., Wardle, H., Rigbye, J., & Parke, A. (2012). Exploring social gambling: Scoping, classification and evidence review. London: Gambling Commission.Google Scholar
  44. Petry, N. M., Rehbein, F., Gentile, D. A., Lemmens, J. S., Rumpf, H.-J., Mößle, T., et al. (2014). An international consensus for assessing Internet Gaming Disorder using the new DSM-5 approach. Addiction,109, 1399–1406.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  45. Raylu, N., & Oei, T. P. S. (2004). The Gambling Related Cognitions Scale (GRCS): Development, confirmatory factor validation and psychometric properties. Addiction,99,757–769.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  46. Reimers, S., Maylor, E. A., Stewart, N., & Chater, N. (2009). Associations between a one-shot delay discounting measure and age, income, education and real-world impulsive behavior. Personality and Individual Differences,47, 973–978.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  47. Rose, N. (2014). Should social casino games be regulated? Gaming Law Review and Economics,18, 134–137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  48. Scharkow, M., Festl, R., Vogelgesang, J., & Quandt, T. (2012). Choosing digital games: The relationship between gaming motives and genre preferences. In Paper prepared for the ICA 2012 Conference, May 24–28, 2012, Phoenix (Arizona). Available at: http://underused.org/docs/scharkow_festl_vogelgesang_quandt_ica12.pdf. Accessed 15 March 2017.
  49. Sévigny, S., Cloutier, M., Pelletier, M.-F., & Ladouceur, R. (2005). Internet gambling: Misleading payout rates during the ‘demo’ period. Computers in Human Behavior,21,153–158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  50. Wohl, M. J. A., Salmon, M. M., Hollingshead, S. J., & Kim, H. S. (2017). An examination of the relationship between social casino gaming and gambling: The bad, the ugly, and the good. Journal of Gambling Issues.  https://doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2017.35.1.Google Scholar
 
Fonte: Springer
…
VISITE OS NOSSOS SÍTIOScurved_arrow-512
REDE DE RESPONSABILIDADE SOCIAL 
Rede de Responsabilidade Social (RRS)

Related Posts

Leave A Response