Jogos a Dinheiro – Rede de Responsabilidade Social

Limited Cash Flow on Slot Machines: Effects of Prohibition of Note Acceptors on Adolescent Gambling Behaviour

Janeiro 1, 2010 by in ESTUDOS E PUBLICAÇÕES, Jogo de Menores No Comments

Título: Limited Cash Flow on Slot Machines: Effects of Prohibition of Note Acceptors on Adolescent Gambling Behaviour
Autores: Marianne Hansen, Ingeborg Rossow
Data: 2010

Abstract

This study addresses the impact of prohibition of note acceptors on gambling behaviour and gambling problems among Norwegian adolescents. Data comprised school surveys at three time points; 2004 and 2005 (before intervention) and 2006 (after intervention). Net samples comprised 20.000 students aged 13–19 years at each data collection. Identical measures of gambling behaviour (gambling frequency and expenditures on slot machines) and indicators of problem gambling (SOGS-RA and Lie/Bet) were assessed at all three time points. No significant changes in gambling behaviour and problem gambling were observed in the period prior to the intervention, whereas slot machine gambling frequency was reduced by 20%, the proportion that gambled frequently on slot machines was reduced by 26%; overall gambling frequency was reduced by 10% and the proportion of problem gamblers (SOGS-RA 4+) was reduced by 20% after the intervention when controlling for potential confounders. It is suggested that these findings can be attributed to the removal of the note acceptors on slot machines.

References

  1. Australian Productivity Commission (APC) (1999). Australias Gambling Industries. Report No. 10. Canberra: Ausinfo.Google Scholar
  2. Blaszczynski, A., Sharpe, F., & Walker, M. (2001). The assessment of the impact of the configuration on electronic gaming machines as harm minimization strategies for problem gambling. (A report for the Gaming Industry Operators’s Group). Sydney: The University of Sydney Gambling Research Unit.Google Scholar
  3. Brodie, M., Honeyfield, N., & Whitehead, G. (2003). Change in bank note acceptors on electronic gaming machines in Queensland — Outcome evaluation. Research and Community Engagement Division; Queensland Office of Gaming Regulation.Google Scholar
  4. Chambers, R. A., Taylor, J. R., & Potenza, M. N. (2003). Developmental neurocircuitry of motivation in adolescence: A critical period of addiction vulnerability. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 1041–1052. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.6.1041.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  5. Derevensky, J., & Gupta, R. (2004). Gambling problems in youth: Developmental and applied perspectives. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.Google Scholar
  6. Dowling, N., Smith, D., & Thomas, T. (2005). Electronic gaming machines: Are they the ‘crack-cocaine’ of gambling? Addiction, 100(1), 1–33. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.00962.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  7. Echeburua, E. B., & Fernandez-Montalvo, J. (1996). Comparative effectiveness of three therapeutic modalities in the psychological treatment of pathological gambling; Long-term outcome. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 24, 51–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  8. Götestam, K. G., Johansson, A., Wenzel, H. G., & Simonsen, I. E. (2004). Validation of the Lie/Bet screen for pathological gambling on two normal population data sets. Psychological Reports, 95, 1009–1013. doi:10.2466/PR0.95.7.1009-1013.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  9. Griffiths, M. D. (1993). Fruit machine gambling: The importance of structural characteristics. Journal of Gambling Studies, 9(2), 101–120. doi:10.1007/BF01014863.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  10. Griffiths, M. D. (1995). Adolescent gambling. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
  11. Grun, L., & McKeigue, P. (2000). Prevalence of excessive gambling before and after introduction of a national lottery in the United Kingdom: Another example of the single distribution theory. Addiction, 95(6), 959–966. doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.2000.95695912.x.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  12. Gupta, R., & Derevensky, J. (1998). Adolescent gambling behaviour: A prevalence study and examination of the correlates associated with problem gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies, 14, 319–343. doi:10.1023/A:1023068925328.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  13. Hansen, M., & Rossow, I. (2008). Adolescent gambling and problem gambling: Does the total consumption model apply? Journal of Gambling Studies, 24, 135–149. doi:10.1007/s10899-007-9082-4.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  14. Hardoon, K. K., & Derevensky, J. (2002). Child and adolescent gambling behaviour: Current knowledge. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 7(2), 263–281. doi:10.1177/1359104502007002012.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  15. Johnson, E. E., Hamer, R. M., & Nora, R. M. (1988). The lie/bet questionnaire for screening pathological gamblers: A follow-up study. Psychological Reports, 83(3 Part 2), 1219–1224.Google Scholar
  16. Johnson, E. E., Hamer, R., Nora, R. M., & Tan, R. (1997). The Lie/Bet questionnaire for screening pathological gamblers. Psychological Reports, 80(1), 83–88. doi:10.2466/PR0.80.1.83-88.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  17. Ladouceur, R., Jaques, S., Sévigny, S., & Cantinotti, M. (2005). Impact of the format, arrangement and availability of electronic gaming machines outside casinos on gambling. International Gambling Studies, 5(2), 139–154. doi:10.1080/14459790500303121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. Lesieur, H. R., & Blume, S. B. (1987). The South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS): A new instrument for the identification of pathological gamblers. American Journal of Psychiatry, 144, 1184–1188.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  19. Lund, I. (2008). The population mean and the proportion of frequent gamblers: Is the theory of total consumption valid for gambling? Journal of Gambling Studies, 24, 247–256. doi:10.1007/s10899-007-9081-5.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  20. Lund, I., & Nordlund, S. (2002). Pengespill og pengespillproblemer i Norge. Rapport nr. 2/2003. SIRUS.Google Scholar
  21. McMillen, J., Marshall, L., & Murphy, L. (2004). The use of ATMs in ACT gaming venues: An empirical study. ANU Centre for Gambling Research.Google Scholar
  22. Metcalfe, J., & Mischel, W. (1999). A Hot/Cool-System of delay of gratification: Dynamics of willpower. Psychological Review, 106(1), 3–19. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.106.1.3.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  23. Mischel, W., & Ayduk, O. (2004). Willpower in a cognitive-affective processing system. In R. F. Baumeister, & K. D. Vohs (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation; research, theory and applications (pp. 99–129). New York: The Guilford.Google Scholar
  24. Moodie, C., & Hastings, G. (2008). Gambling with the future of young people. Addiction Research & Theory, 16(2), 107–110. doi:10.1080/16066350701851343.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  25. Norwegian Gaming Authority (2006). Annual report. Førde, Norway. Retrieved Dec. 19 2008 from: http://www.lottstift.no/eway/default.aspx?pid = 236&trg = visliste_5998&MainPaige_5482 = 5609:0:8,1573&visliste_5998 = 6122:0:8,1575.
  26. Norwegian Gaming Authority (2007). Annual report. Førde, Norway. Retrieved Dec. 19 2008 from: http://www.lottstift.no/eway/default.aspx?pid = 236&trg = visliste_5998&MainPaige_5482 = 5609:0:8,1573&visliste_5998 = 6122:0:8,1575.
  27. Palmeri, C. (2003). Hit the jackpot? You won’t need a bucket. Business weekly only. Retrieved July 11 2008 from: http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/03_13/b3826076.htm.
  28. Pape, H., Storvoll, E. E., & Rossow, I. (2007). Report of study methodology for the school surveys 2004, 2005 and 2006 for evaluation of the Regional project carried out by the Norwegian Institute for Alcohol and Drug Research. Oslo: Norwegian Institute for Alcohol and Drug Research. Retrieved July 11 2008 from: http://www.sirus.no/files/pub/370/metoderapport_engelsk_regionprosj.pdf.
  29. Poulin, C. (2000). Problem gambling among adolescent students in the Atlantic provinces of Canada. Journal of Gambling Studies, 16(1), 53–78. doi:10.1023/A:1009431417238.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  30. Poulin, C. (2002). An assessment of the validity and reliability of the SOGS-RA. Journal of Gambling Studies, 18(1), 67–93. doi:10.1023/A:1014584213557.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  31. Room, R., Turner, N. E., & Ialomiteanu, A. (1999). Community effects of the opening of the Niagara casino. Addiction, 94(10), 1449–1466. doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.1999.941014492.x.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  32. Rossow, I., & Hansen, M. (2003). Underholdning med bismak—Ungdom og pengespill. (Entertainment with a tang—Adolescent gambling). Report nr. 1–03. NOVA, Oslo.Google Scholar
  33. Rossow, I., & Molde, H. (2006). Chasing the criteria: Comparing SOGS-RA and The Lie Bet screen to assess prevalence of problem gambling an ‘at-risk’ gambling among adolescents. Journal of Gambling Issues: Issue 18. Retrieved July 11 2008 from: http://www.camh.net/egambling/issue18/pdfs/rossow.pdf.
  34. Shaffer, H. J., & Hall, M. N. (1996). Estimating the prevalence of adolescent gambling disorders: A quantitative synthesis and guide toward standard gambling nomenclature. Journal of Gambling Studies, 12, 193–214. doi:10.1007/BF01539174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  35. Shaffer, H. J., & Hall, M. N. (2001). Updating and refining prevalence estimates of disordered gambling behaviour in the United States and Canada. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 92(3), 168–172.Google Scholar
  36. Shaffer, H. J., Hall, M. N., & VanderBilt, J. (1999). Estimating the prevalence of disordered gambling behaviour in the United States and Canada: A research synthesis. American Journal of Public Health, 89(9), 1369–1376. doi:10.2105/AJPH.89.9.1369.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  37. Sharpe, L., Walker, M., Coughlan, M-J., Enersen, K., & Blaszczynski, A. (2005). Structural changes to electronic gaming machines as effective harm minimization strategies for non-problem and problem gamblers. Journal of Gambling Studies, 27(4), 503–520. doi:10.1007/s10899-005-5560-8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  38. Turner, N., & Horbay, R. (2004). How do slot machines and other electronic gambling machines actually work? Electronic Journal of Gambling Issues, 11. Retrieved July 11 2008 from: www.camh.net/egambling/issue11.
  39. Turner, N. E., Ialomiteanu, A., & Room, R. (1999). Chequered expectations: Predictors of approval of opening a casino in the Niagara community. Journal of Gambling Studies, 15, 45–70. doi:10.1023/A:1023067012971.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  40. Williams, R. J., & Wood, R. T. (2004). The proportion of gaming revenue derived from problems gamblers: Examining the issues in a Canadian context. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 4(1), 33–45. doi:10.1111/j.1530-2415.2004.00033.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  41. Winters, K. C., Stinchfield, R. D., & Fulkerson, J. (1993). Toward the development of an adolescent gambling problem severity scale. Journal of Gambling Studies, 9(1), 63–84. doi:10.1007/BF01019925.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  42. Winters, K. C., Stinchfield, R. D., & Kim, L. (1995). Monitoring adolescent gambling in Minnesota. Journal of Gambling Studies, 11, 165–183. doi:10.1007/BF02107113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rede de Responsabilidade Social
      

Related Posts

Leave A Response